วันพุธที่ 15 กุมภาพันธ์ พ.ศ. 2555

Active & Passive Voice



Active & Passive Voice

Active Voice คือ รูปของกริยาซึ่งประธานเป็นผู้กระทำโดยตรง
            Mary eats a mango. ( แมรี่รับประทานมะม่วง )
Passive Voice คือ รูปกริยาซึ่งประธานเป็นผู้ถูกกระทำกริยานั้น โดยผู้อื่นหรือสิ่งอื่น
              A mango is eaten by Mary.
( มะม่วงถูกรับประธานโดยแมรี่ )
        
จะเห็นได้ว่า ใจความประโยค Active Voice และ Passive Voice นั้นมีความหมายอย่างเดียวกัน ผิดกันก็ตรงที่ประโยค Active Voice นั้น ประธานเป็นผู้ทำกริยา ส่วน Passive Voice นั้นประธานเป็นผู้ถูกกระทำกริยา
        
กริยาที่จะทำเป็นประโยค Passive Voice ได้จะต้องเป็นกริยาที่เรียกว่า Transitive Verb คือกริยาที่ต้องการกรรมมารับ เช่น to love, to catch, to buy, to eat, to see, etc. ส่วน Intransitive Verb ซึ่งหมายถึงกริยาที่ไม่ต้องการกรรมมารับ เช่น to run, to walk, to go, to fly, to awim, etc นั้นจะทำให้เป็น Passive Voice ไม่ได้
    หลักทั่วไปในการเปลี่ยนประโยค Active Voice ให้เป็นประโยค Passive Voice
        1.
ให้กลับเอากรรมของประโยค Active Voice ไปเป็นกรรมในประโยค Passive Voice โดยมี preposition "by" นำหน้า
        2.
ให้กลับเอากรรมของประโยค Active Voice มาเป็นประธานในประโยค Passive Voice
        3.
กริยาของประโยค Active Voice นั้น เมื่อนำมาใช้ในประโยค Passive Voice จะต้องเป็นรูปกริยาช่องที่ 3 (Past Participle) และใช้ตามหลัง verb to be คือ is, am , are, was , were, be, being, been ซึ่งจะใช้ Verb to be ตัวใดนั้นต้องดู tense
 อย่างไรก็ดี หลักโดยละเอียดในการเปลี่ยน Active Voice ให้เป็น Passive Voice นั้น ให้ศึกษาจาก
ตารางดังต่อไปนี้

1. ใน tense ต่างๆ
Active Voice
Passive Voice
1. Presente Simple
    - The teacher punishes the boy.
    - Do you always laugh at him?
is , am, are + V3
- The boy is punished by the teacher.
- Is he always laughed at by you?
2. Present Continuous
- The painters are painting  our house.
- Are the students doing  the exercises?
is, am, are + being + V3
- Our house is being painted   by the painters.
- Are   the exercises being done by the students?
3. Present Perfect
- They have built  a new hotel.
- Has  the boy caught a bird?

has, have + been + V3
- A new hotel has been built  by them.
- Has a bird been caught by the boy?
* Present Perfect Cintinuous
- Trenton Company has been making bikes since 1960.

has,have + been + being +V3
- Bikes have been being made by Trenton Company since 1960.
4. Past Simple
- My sister wrote  a letter.
- Did  the servant polish Tom's shoes?
was , were + V3
- A letter was written  by my sister.
- Were Tom's shoes polished by the servant?
5. Past Continuous
- While John was introducing  me, the telephone rang.
- Weren't they digging this hole when you went past yesterday?

was , were + being + V3
-While I was being introducing  by John, the telephone rang.
- Wasn't this hole being dug  by them when you went past yesterday?
6. Past Perfect
- Theguests had eaten all the food.
- Had he seen you before?

had + been + V3
- All the food had been eaten by the guests.
- Had you been seen  by him before?
* Past Perfect Continuous
- Mr. Trevor had been teaching English in Jamiaca for many years before he moved to Thailand.
had + been + being + V3
- English had been being taught by Mr.Trevor in jamaica for many years before he moved to thailand.
7. Future Simple
- His mother will beat him if he does that again.
- Will  Mary invite Jack to her party?

will + be + V3
- He will be beaten by his mother if he does that again.
- Will Jack be invited  by Mary to her party?
8. "going to" future
- They are going to widen  the bridge.
- Is she going to open  the shop?

is,am, are +going to + be + V3

- The bridge is going to be widened by them.
- Is the shop going to be opened ?
9. Future Continuous
- They will be mowing  the grass at two o'clock tomorrow.

will be + being + V3
- The grass will be ebing mown at two o'clock tomorrow by them.
10. Future Perfect
- By next March the pupils will have taken  the examination.
- Will she have announced the resutls by the end of next month?
will have + been + V3
- By next March the examination will have been taken  by the pupils.
- Will the results have been announced  by her by the end of next month?
**Future perfect Continuous
- By next year they'll have been building that road for a year.
will have been being + V3
- By next year that raod will have been being built by them for a year.

2. ใน verb form ต่างๆ คือ

verb form
Active Voice
Passive Voice
Infinitive
to write
to be written
Perfect Infinitive
to have written
to have neen written
Present Participle
writing
being written
Past Participle
written
been written

คำที่ไม่สามารถทำให้เป็นประโยค Passive Voice ได้
1. Intransitive Verb คือคำกริยาที่ไม่ต้องการกรรม เช่น
                  - They go to school every day.
                  - She swims wuite well.
2. Transitive Verb บางคำ เช่น
                  - Dang had his breakfast.
3. Verb of Incomplete คือกริยาซึ่งไม่สมบูรณ์ เช่น
                 - She became queen.
                 (A queen was become by her. = wrong)
             (
เพราะ queen ในประโยคแรกเป็น complement ไม่ใช่ object)

 แหล่งศึกษาข้อมูลเพิ่มเติม

1 ความคิดเห็น:

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